意大利Eltra編碼器是將信號(hào)（如比特流）或數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行編制、轉(zhuǎn)換為可用以通訊、傳輸和存儲(chǔ)的信號(hào)形式的設(shè)備。
編碼器把角位移或直線位移轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)，
前者稱為碼盤(pán)，后者稱為碼尺。按照讀出方式編碼器可以分為接觸式和非接觸式兩種；按照工作原理編碼器可分為增量式和式兩類。
增量式編碼器是將位移轉(zhuǎn)換成周期性的電信號(hào)，再把這個(gè)電信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變成計(jì)數(shù)脈沖，用脈沖的個(gè)數(shù)表示位移的大小。
式編碼器的每一個(gè)位置對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)確定的數(shù)字碼，因此它的示值只與測(cè)量的起始和終止位置有關(guān)，而與測(cè)量的中間過(guò)程無(wú)關(guān)。
意大利Eltra編碼器主要分類：意大利Eltra編碼器可按以下方式來(lái)分類。
1、按碼盤(pán)的刻孔方式不同分類(1)增量型:就是每轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)單位的角度就發(fā)出一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào)(也有發(fā)正余弦信號(hào)，
然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行細(xì)分，斬波出頻率更高的脈沖)，
通常為A相、B相、Z相輸出，A相、B相為相互延遲1/4周期的脈沖輸出，
根據(jù)延遲關(guān)系可以區(qū)別正反轉(zhuǎn)，而且通過(guò)取A相、B相的上升和下降沿可以進(jìn)行2或4倍頻；Z相為單圈脈沖，即每圈發(fā)出一個(gè)脈沖。
值型:就是對(duì)應(yīng)一圈，每個(gè)基準(zhǔn)的角度發(fā)出一個(gè)*與該角度對(duì)應(yīng)二進(jìn)制的數(shù)值，通過(guò)外部記圈器件可以進(jìn)行多個(gè)位置的記錄和測(cè)量。
2、按信號(hào)的輸出類型分為:電壓輸出、集電極開(kāi)路輸出、推拉互補(bǔ)輸出和長(zhǎng)線驅(qū)動(dòng)輸出。
3、以編碼器機(jī)械安裝形式分類(1)有軸型:有軸型又可分為夾緊法蘭型、同步法蘭型和伺服安裝型等。
(2)軸套型:軸套型又可分為半空型、全空型和大口徑型等。4、以編碼器工作原理可分為:光電式、磁電式和觸點(diǎn)電刷式。
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